Dr. John Rao discusses the Irish monks, the Merovingians and the Carolingians. Irish monasticism emphasized the need of going into exile for Christ’s sake. They became great evangelists. One of these, St. Columbanus, was instrumental in stirring up tepid Christian belief in a Merovingian Gaul disturbed by civil wars. Much of the Frankish nobility, the Carolingian Family prominent among it, took Irish Monasticism to heart.