The Council of Constance finally allowed for the return of a unified Papacy located in Rome. But, as Dr. John Rao explains, the restored Papacy was threatened by Conciliarism, political interference from France, Spain, and the Italian city-states, perpetually bankrupt or near bankruptcy, uncertain of the loyalty of the College of Cardinals, and forced to think constantly of its political and financial survival. Spiritual guidance of the Church Universal, therefore, continued to suffer.