Dr. John Rao explains that Tridentine reform involved practically every sphere of Church and social life: a reform of the Papacy, of the episcopacy and clergy as a whole; of monastic conditions; an attack on unacceptable superstitious and innovative practices that had appeared in Catholic life; an assault on innovations in the liturgy; a recognition of the need for a more sound and consistent teaching of the orthodox Faith. Much of the specifics of what to do was left by the Council to the Papacy.