The Papal-Carolingian alliance evoked arguments from Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite to speak of life as a hierarchically-organized Pilgrimage to God led by Emperor and Bishops. Dr. John Rao discusses the character...
Popes, bishops, monks, and secular clergy all fell prey to simony and barbarism by the late 800’s, to a large degree due to the failure of the attempt to restore...
Dr. John Rao discusses the recognition of the need to rebuild political, religious, and social order out of the feudal chaos of the late 800’s and 900’s. This rebuilding would...
Differing visions of how to reorder the “pilgrimage to God” competed in the 900’s and 1000’s. Dr. John Rao discusses three of these: one that saw the problem as that...
The monks of Cluny and others like them saw two groups that had to be “transformed” before all others: the soldiers and the clergy. In order to do this work...
Dr. John Rao outlines the Gregorian Reform and the many obstacles in its path. Continued Germanic and other barbarian customs still stood in the way of Christianization and Romanization. The...
A population that needed to go on pilgrimage to God had to have a dedicated and purified clergy guiding it. Dr. John Rao speaks of how this involved a fight...
Christianization and Romanization required a deeper learning in the High Middle Ages. Dr. John Rao shows that this involved studies in theology, philosophy, and law in the period from 1000-1300...
Political squabbles pitting popes against emperors, kings, princes and their supporters in the episcopacy troubled the Gregorian reform program. So did the economic ambitions of the growing cities and bourgeoisie...
Dr. John Rao speaks of the way in which the Gregorian pilgrimage to God involved a deeper understanding of how the Incarnation required the transformation of all things in Christ....
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