Dr. John Rao introduces this Symposium on life in the Empire and its relation to the barbarian world in the years between the defeat at Adrianople in the 370’s and...
Dr. John Rao explores the different problems that varied groups of invaders posed for the eastern and the western sections of the old united Empire. While the East remained more...
The Council of Chalcedon of 451 and Pope Leo the Great’s “Tome” defining Christ as one Divine Person with two natures, human and divine, unleashed the long-lasting, heretical Monophysite Movement....
Dr. John Rao explores a variety of issues that put the Papacy in Italy on a collision course with the Empire ruled from Constantinople. Caesaro-Papism on the one hand and...
Dr. John Rao explores the many divisions between Italy and the Empire. Popes were horrified at imperial attempts to negotiate with Monophysites and thereby ignore Chalcedon. Romans were outraged over...
Visigothic Spain developed a rich Catholic culture from the 500’s through the early 700’s, which was important for the development of the whole Christian Medieval West. Dr. John Rao shows...
The Franks in Gaul under the Merovingian Dynasty led by Clovis and his descendents were the first German tribe to become Catholic. Dr. John Rao explains that their history from...
Irish and Benedictine monks both worked to convert Anglo-Saxon Britain. There, Dr. John Rao explains, they influenced one another and finally built the vision of a monastic life combining work,...
The Roman Empire in the East could not help the West by the 600’s. It was attacked first by Persians and then the new force represented by the Islamic world....
Visigothic, Irish, Benedictine, and Anglo-Saxon influences all came together in Frankish Gaul by the early 700’s. The Carolingian Family came to power in an alliance with the Papacy, which could...
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